Affiliation:
1. Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Universities on Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovation Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Laboratory for Computational Physical Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Abstract
In this study, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was applied as the model pollutant to assess the performance of pulsed current (PC) waveforms in the decontamination efficiency of the PC/peroxymonosulfate (PMS)/Fe(III) process and to investigate underlying oxidation mechanisms. Among the various waveforms tested, the sinusoidal wave (SIN), combined with the Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA) electrode, demonstrated superior degradation performance, with the order being SIN > ramp > square > direct current (DC). The operational conditions for the SIN/PMS/Fe(III) system were optimized to an initial pH of 3, a voltage of 6 V, 0.6 mmol/L of Fe3+, 1.0 mmol/L of PMS, and a frequency of 1 kHz. The results of quenching and probe experiments confirmed the generation of abundant reactive radicals such as •OH, SO4•−, O2•−, Fe(IV), and 1O2 in the SIN/PMS/Fe(III) process, which collectively enhanced the degradation of SMX. Additionally, results of high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis were employed to identify the SMX oxidation byproducts, and the toxicity of SMX byproducts was evaluated. Overall, the SIN/PMS/Fe(III) process exhibits effective degradation capacity with high energy efficiency, establishing itself as an effective strategy for the practical treatment of medical wastewater.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
14th Recruitment Program of Young Professionals of IYZ
Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai
Education Commission of Shanghai Municipality
Initialization Fund for Talents of Sichuan University
Special Funds for Scientific and Technological Collaboration of SCU-Zigong
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education