A High-Resolution Electric Current Sensor Employing a Piezoelectric Drum Transducer

Abstract

A high-resolution sensor using a piezoelectric drum transducer is proposed for power frequency current sensing (50 Hz or 60 Hz). The utilization of the magnetic circuit helps to enhance the response to the electric currents in the power cords. The high sensitivity of the sensor originates from the superposition of the Ampere forces and the amplified piezoelectric effect of the drum transducer. The feasibility of the sensor was verified by experiments. The device exhibits a broad 3 dB bandwidth of 67.4 Hz without an additional magnetic field bias. The average sensitivity is 31.34 mV/A with a high linearity of 0.49%, and the resolution of the sensor attains 0.02 A. The resolution is much higher than that of the previous piezoelectric heterostructure for two-wire power-cords. Error analysis shows that the uncertainty reaches 0.01865 mV at the current of 2.5 A. Meanwhile, the device can generate a load power of 447.9 nW with an optimal load resistance of 55 KΩ at 10A (f = 50 Hz) in energy harvesting experiments. The features of high sensitivity, excellent linearity, high resolution, low costs, and convenient installation demonstrate the application prospect of the proposed device for measuring power frequency currents in electric power grids.