Removal of COD and SO42− from Oil Refinery Wastewater Using a Photo-Catalytic System—Comparing TiO2 and Zeolite Efficiencies

Abstract

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have many prospects in water and wastewater treatment. In recent years, AOPs are gaining attention as having potentials for the removal of different ranges of contaminants from industrial wastewater towards water reclamation. In this study, the treatability efficiencies of two photo-catalysts (TiO2 and zeolite) were compared on the basis of the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and SO42− from oil refinery wastewater (ORW) using photo-catalytic system. The effects of three operating parameters: catalyst dosage (0.5–1.5 g/L), reaction time (15–45 min), mixing rate (30–90 rpm) and their interactive effects on the removal of the aforementioned contaminants were studied using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Statistical models were developed and used to optimize the operating conditions. An 18 W UV light was incident on the system to excite the catalysts to trigger a reaction that led to the degradation and subsequent removal of contaminants. The results obtained showed that for almost the same desirability (92% for zeolite and 91% for TiO2), TiO2 exhibited more efficiency in terms of mixing rate and reaction time requirements. At the 95% confidence level, the model’s predicted results were in good agreement with experimental data obtained.