Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Niobium Additions on the Structural Characteristics and Properties of Ti–5Cr–xNb Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

In this study, a series of Ti–5Cr–xNb alloys with varying Nb content (ranging from 1 to 40 wt.%) were investigated to assess their suitability as implant materials. Comprehensive analyses were conducted, including phase analysis, microscopy examination, mechanical testing, and corrosion resistance evaluation. The results revealed significant structural alterations attributed to Nb addition, notably suppressing the formation of the ω phase and transitioning from α′ + β + ω to single β phase structures. Moreover, the incorporation of Nb markedly improved the alloys’ plastic deformation ability and reduced their elastic modulus. In particular, the Ti–5Cr–25Nb alloy demonstrated high values in corrosion potential and polarization resistance, signifying exceptional corrosion resistance. This alloy also displayed high bending strength (approximately 1500 MPa), a low elastic modulus (approximately 80 GPa), and outstanding elastic recovery and plastic deformation capabilities. These aggregate outcomes indicate the promising potential of the β-phase Ti–5Cr–25Nb alloy for applications in orthopedic and dental implants.