CKD Urine Metabolomics: Modern Concepts and Approaches

Author:

Danilova Elena Y.12,Maslova Anna O.1,Stavrianidi Andrey N.2,Nosyrev Alexander E.1,Maltseva Larisa D.3,Morozova Olga L.3

Affiliation:

1. Molecular Theranostics Institute, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia

2. Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye Gory Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia

3. Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex System, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 13-1 Nikitsky Boulevard, 119019 Moscow, Russia

Abstract

One of the primary challenges regarding chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis is the absence of reliable methods to detect early-stage kidney damage. A metabolomic approach is expected to broaden the current diagnostic modalities by enabling timely detection and making the prognosis more accurate. Analysis performed on urine has several advantages, such as the ease of collection using noninvasive methods and its lower protein and lipid content compared with other bodily fluids. This review highlights current trends in applied analytical methods, major discoveries concerning pathways, and investigated populations in the context of urine metabolomic research for CKD over the past five years. Also, we are presenting approaches, instrument upgrades, and sample preparation modifications that have improved the analytical parameters of methods. The onset of CKD leads to alterations in metabolism that are apparent in the molecular composition of urine. Recent works highlight the prevalence of alterations in the metabolic pathways related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acids. Including diverse patient cohorts, using numerous analytical techniques with modifications and the appropriate annotation and explanation of the discovered biomarkers will help develop effective diagnostic models for different subtypes of renal injury with clinical applications.

Funder

Sechenov University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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