Cognitive Impairement in Non-Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension: Highlights on Physiopathology, Diagnosis and Management

Author:

Gioia StefaniaORCID,Nardelli SilviaORCID,Riggio Oliviero,Faccioli Jessica,Ridola LorenzoORCID

Abstract

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the most frequent complications of cirrhosis. Several studies and case reports have shown that cognitive impairment may also be a tangible complication of portal hypertension secondary to chronic portal vein thrombosis and to porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD). In these conditions, representing the main causes of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) in the Western world, both overt and minimal/covert HE occurs in a non-neglectable proportion of patients, even lower than in cirrhosis, and it is mainly sustained by the presence of large porto-systemic shunt. In these patients, the liver function is usually preserved or only mildly altered, and the development of porto-systemic shunt is either spontaneous or iatrogenically frequent; HE is an example of type-B HE. To date, in the absence of strong evidence and large cooperative studies, for the diagnosis and the management of HE in NCPH, the same approach used for HE occurring in cirrhosis is applied. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of type B hepatic encephalopathy, focusing on its pathophysiology, diagnostic tools and management in patients affected by porto-sinusoidal vascular disease and chronic portal vein thrombosis.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

Cited by 8 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. Porto-sinusoidal Vascular Disease: Classification and Clinical Relevance;Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology;2024-09

2. The social and psychological impact of hepatic encephalopathy;Metabolic Brain Disease;2024-07-16

3. Liver and Brain Disorders;Current Hepatology Reports;2024-04-02

4. Non-Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension: an Overview;Current Hepatology Reports;2024-01-23

5. Liver Transplantation Reverses Hepatic Myelopathy in the Decompensated Phase of Cirrhosis: Case Report and Literature Review;Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology;2024

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