Multi-Criteria Analysis to Determine the Most Appropriate Fuel Composition in an Ammonia/Diesel Oil Dual Fuel Engine

Abstract

The possibility to employ alternative fuels is gaining special interest in the marine sector. There are several suitable candidates for traditional fossil fuels substitution. Among them, ammonia is a promising solution that allows progress on decarbonization since the ammonia molecule does not contain carbon. Hence, the present work analyzes the use of ammonia as a potential fuel for a marine engine. Particularly, a dual fuel mode ammonia/diesel oil operation is proposed. As expected, the carbon dioxide emissions are reduced as the proportion of ammonia is increased. Nevertheless, other non-desirable substances are generated such as non-reacted ammonia, NOx and N2O. Due to these opposing effects, a multi-criteria analysis is proposed to characterize the most appropriate proportion of ammonia in the fuel. The environmental damage of the different pollutants was considered. Due to the important environmental adverse effects of NOx and N2O, only a maximum 20% ammonia percentage on the fuel was obtained as the most appropriate option. A higher ammonia content leads to excessive concentrations of NOx and N2O being emitted to the environment.