Abstract
In this study, we conducted long-term temporal and spatial observations of monthly, interannual, and decadal sea surface temperature (SST) variation in the Gulf of Mannar (GoM) for the period from 1870 to 2018. We obtained climatological data from the Met Office Hadley Centre, UK. The monthly time series revealed that April and August were the warmest and coolest months of the year, respectively. The mean SSTs for April and August were 29.85 ± 0.44 °C and 27.15 ± 0.49 °C, respectively. The mean annual highest and lowest SSTs were observed in 2015 and 1890 with SSTs of 28.93 ± 0.31 °C and 27.45 ± 0.31 °C, respectively, and the annual time series revealed a warming SST trend of 0.004 °C. Decadal time series also revealed a warming SST trend of 0.04 °C, with the highest and lowest mean decadal SSTs being 28.56 ± 0.21 °C in 2010–2018 and 27.78 ± 0.25 °C in 1890–1889, respectively. Throughout the study period, the spatial distribution of climate trends over decades across the GoM revealed a strong spatial gradient, and the region between 6–8° N and 77–78° E was warmer than all other regions of the GoM.
Subject
Ocean Engineering,Water Science and Technology,Civil and Structural Engineering
Reference40 articles.
1. Belkin, I.M., Cornillon, P., and Ullman, D. (2003, January 12–16). Ocean fronts around Alaska from satellite SST data. Proceedings of the American Meteorological Society’s 7th Conference on the Polar Meteorology and Oceanography and Joint Symposium on High-Latitude Climate Variations, Hyannis, MA, USA.
2. Rayner, N.A.A., Parker, D.E., Horton, E.B., Folland, C.K., Alexander, L.V., Rowell, D.P., Kent, E.C., and Kaplan, A. (2003). Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 108.
3. Ocean impact on decadal Atlantic climate variability revealed by sea-level observations;McCarthy;Nature,2015
4. Relationship between albacore (Thunnus alalunga) fishing grounds in the Indian Ocean and the thermal environment revealed by cloud-free microwave sea surface temperature;Lan;Fish. Res.,2012
5. Maul, G.A. (1985). Introduction to Satellite Oceanography, Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
Cited by
6 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献