Coenzyme-A-Responsive Nanogel-Coated Electrochemical Sensor for Osteoarthritis-Detection-Based Genetic Models

Author:

Robby Akhmad Irhas12ORCID,Jiang Songling3ORCID,Jin Eun-Jung34ORCID,Park Sung Young12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea

2. Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea

3. Integrated Omics Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea

Abstract

An electrochemical sensor sensitive to coenzyme A (CoA) was designed using a CoA-responsive polyallylamine–manganese oxide–polymer dot nanogel coated on the electrode surface to detect various genetic models of osteoarthritis (OA). The CoA-responsive nanogel sensor responded to the abundance of CoA in OA, causing the breakage of MnO2 in the nanogel, thereby changing the electroconductivity and fluorescence of the sensor. The CoA-responsive nanogel sensor was capable of detecting CoA depending on the treatment time and distinguishing the response towards different OA genetic models that contained different levels of CoA (wild type/WT, NudT7 knockout/N7KO, and Acot12 knockout/A12KO). The WT, N7KO, and A12KO had distinct resistances, which further increased as the incubation time were changed from 12 h (R12h = 2.11, 2.40, and 2.68 MΩ, respectively) to 24 h (R24h = 2.27, 2.59, and 2.92 MΩ, respectively) compared to the sensor without treatment (Rcontrol = 1.63 MΩ). To simplify its application, the nanogel sensor was combined with a wireless monitoring device to allow the sensing data to be directly transmitted to a smartphone. Furthermore, OA-indicated anabolic (Acan) and catabolic (Adamts5) factor transcription levels in chondrocytes provided evidence regarding CoA and nanogel interactions. Thus, this sensor offers potential usage in simple and sensitive OA diagnostics.

Funder

Korean Government

Ministry of Education

Publisher

MDPI AG

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