A Potential Replacement to Phenol–Formaldehyde-Based Adhesives: A Study of Plywood Panels Manufactured with Bio-Based Wood Protein and Nanolignin Adhesives

Author:

Núñez-Decap Mario12ORCID,Friz-Sánchez Catherine1,Opazo-Carlsson Camila1,Moya-Rojas Boris1,Vidal-Vega Marcela1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avenida Collao 1202, Concepción 4051381, Chile

2. Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile

Abstract

Plywood production relies on phenol–formaldehyde (PF), which is why bio-based wood adhesives (BBWAs) were developed as potential replacements, showing promising results in several tests performed. A control sample (PLY-C) with PF and two samples (PLY-1 and PLY-2) with BBWA were manufactured, on which physical and mechanical properties, adhesive bonding morphology, formaldehyde emissions, and accelerated UV aging were evaluated. The adhesive penetration results, into the wood cells, were according to the viscosity of each adhesive. About the mechanical properties, the sample PLY-2 presented the same MOE and tensile strength as the sample PLY-C and reached 87% of the sample PLY-C MOR in the parallel direction. On the other hand, the sample PLY-1 presented the same behavior in the Janka hardness test as the sample PLY-C. All the samples subjected to shear strength tests met the requirement, and the samples PLY-1 and PLY-2 reached 68% and 80% of the PLY-C sample, respectively. The samples manufactured with BBWA presented a decrease in formaldehyde emissions by 88% and they were less susceptible to color change than the control sample under UV aging. According to the results obtained, it is concluded that plywood manufactured with BBWA might be a considerable replacement for plywood manufactured with PF adhesives at a laboratory scale.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference58 articles.

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2. Salazar Medina, M. (2024, July 05). Tableros a la Medida de lo Requerido: Una Revisión de las Opciones en MDF, MDP, OSB y Contrachapado. Available online: https://www.madera21.cl/blog/2020/10/16/tableros-a-la-medida-de-lo-requerido-una-revision-de-las-opciones-en-mdf-mdp-osb-y-contrachapado/.

3. Ross, R.J. (2010). Wood Handbook—Wood as an Engineering Material.

4. United States Government (2024, July 05). National Cancer Institute (NIH): Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk, Available online: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/formaldehyde/formaldehyde-fact-sheet.

5. Fabricación de madera contraplacada con adhesivo poliuretano alternativo a base de ricino;Maderas Cienc. Tecnol.,2003

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