Food Restriction in Mice Induces Food-Anticipatory Activity and Circadian-Rhythm-Related Activity Changes

Author:

Gabloffsky TheoORCID,Gill SadafORCID,Staffeld Anna,Salomon Ralf,Power Guerra NicoleORCID,Joost SarahORCID,Hawlitschka AlexanderORCID,Kipp MarkusORCID,Frintrop Linda

Abstract

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by emaciation, hyperactivity, and amenorrhea. To what extent AN-related symptoms are due to food restriction or neuronal dysfunction is currently unknown. Thus, we investigated the relevance of food restriction on AN-related symptoms. Disrupted circadian rhythms are hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of AN. Starvation was induced by restricting food access in early adolescent or adolescent mice to 40% of their baseline food intake until a 20% weight reduction was reached (acute starvation). To mimic chronic starvation, the reduced weight was maintained for a further 2 weeks. Locomotor activity was analyzed using running wheel sensors. The circadian-rhythm-related activity was measured using the tracking system Goblotrop. Amenorrhea was determined by histological examination of vaginal smears. All cohorts showed an increase in locomotor activity up to 4 h before food presentation (food-anticipatory activity, FAA). While amenorrhea was present in all groups except in early adolescent acutely starved mice, hyperactivity was exclusively found in chronically starved groups. Adolescent chronically starved mice showed a decrease in circadian-rhythm-related activity at night. Chronic starvation most closely mimics AN-related behavioral changes. It appears that the FAA is a direct consequence of starvation. The circadian activity changes might underlie the pathophysiology of AN.

Funder

Doktor Robert Pfleger Stiftung (Bamberg, Germany) and intramural funding

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

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