Determination of Indicators of Implementation of Sea Transportation Safety Management System for Traditional Shipping Based on Delphi Approach

Abstract

The implementation of the safety management system (SMS) in traditional shipping in Indonesia, known as “Pelra”, has not been implemented. The nature of the operation pattern and characteristics of Pelra, which are still traditional (non-convention), means that international maritime rules such as SOLAS, MARPOL, LLC, Collreg, and STCW, as well as Indonesian government regulations related to shipping safety, are not suitable for Pelra. As a result, Pelra ship accidents continue to occur every year in Indonesian waters without any efforts to deal with safety management. The aim of this study is to find indicators to assess the implementation of Pelra’s SMS that adopt the specific characteristics of Pelra sea transportation. The analysis was conducted with a Delphi approach, based on expert opinion in the field of ship safety, which was tested using non-parametric statistics (Kendall’s W test). The consensus results obtained 9 factors described in 44 assessment indicators to implement SMS on Pelra vessels. Several new indicators were found, including indicators related to ship stability, ship construction, and safety and navigation equipment. The level of expert agreement from the concordance W coefficient value is in the range of 0.3 (moderately strong) to 0.7 (very strong), which suggests that these findings are valid and feasible to be used as assessment indicators in order to implement SMS Pelra.