Bean Spread Enriched with Spelt as a Novel Source of Bioactive Peptides with Potential Anti-Metabolic Syndrome Properties

Abstract

Bean spreads enriched with 10, 20, or 30% of spelt grain were analyzed in the study as a novel product with high nutraceutical potential. The spreads were hydrolyzed in vitro in gastrointestinal conditions. The highest peptide content was noted after the last step of hydrolysis in spread enriched with 10% of spelt grain (1.64 mg/mL). The fraction with molecular mass < 3.0 kDa obtained from this hydrolyzate was also characterized by the highest peptide content (1.50 mg/mL) and the highest antioxidant properties. The highest value of IC50 against ABTS•+ was 0.078 mg/mL. The highest value of the Fe2+ chelating activity was 0.056 mg/mL. Moreover, the trials show inhibitory activity against enzymes involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (with IC50 values of 0.072 mg/mL for α-amylase inhibition, 0.028 mg/mL for α-glucosidase, and 0.059 mg/mL ACE—angiotensin-converting enzyme). The fraction with the highest properties was separated using Sephadex G10 and three fractions were obtained. The first and third fractions were characterized by the highest properties. These peptide fractions were identified using the LC–MS/MS technique. The following amino acid sequences were obtained from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) protein: LPIESKWY, FALVAPVGSEPKA, NSILPIESKPWY, RLTDDTEDSMGRA, and KKVELEEEVDDWV, and those isolated from spelt protein had sequences FPQPQPFQ, QPQQPQQPFPQP, WPQQPQQPFPQPQQ, QSQQPQQPFPQPQQ, and QFQPQQPQQPFPQP. The study indicates that the bean spread enriched with 10 % of spelt grain may be used as a new product with special nutritional properties.