Delving into Earth Dam Dynamics: Exploring the Impact of Inner Impervious Core and Toe Drain Arrangement on Seepage and Factor of Safety during Rapid Drawdown Scenarios

Author:

Utepov Yelbek Bakhitovich12ORCID,Mkilima Timoth23ORCID,Aldungarova Aliya Kairatovna24ORCID,Shakhmov Zhanbolat Anuarbekovich12ORCID,Akhazhanov Sungat Berkinovich5ORCID,Saktaganova Nargul Amanovna6,Abdikerova Uliya Baktybaevna6,Budikova Aigul Moldashevna6

Affiliation:

1. Department of Civil Engineering, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan

2. CSI Research&Lab (LLP), Astana 010000, Kazakhstan

3. Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 259, Dodoma 41218, Tanzania

4. School of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Energy, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070000, Kazakhstan

5. Department of Algebra, Mathematical Logic and Geometry, Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda 100024, Kazakhstan

6. Department of Architecture and Construction Production, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan

Abstract

The study examined the intricate relationships between embankment slope configurations, toe drain designs, and drawdown scenarios. It utilized a unique combination of numerical, physical, and mathematical models. The investigation involved 16 numerical models and 8 physical models with distinct characteristics. The research explored the correlations of key parameters: matric suction, horizontal water conductivity, time, and factor of safety. The factor of safety values varied from 0.62 to 1.03 as a result of the different investigated combinations. For instance, a 1:2 embankment slope without a toe drain under instantaneous drawdown led to the factor of safety values ranging from 1.22 to 1.57. Additionally, incorporating elements like a 30 m toe drain and a 1 m per day drawdown rate influenced these values, with extremes recorded from 1.337 to 2.21, shedding light on embankment stability under diverse conditions and configurations. When subjected to a 1 m per day drawdown, water flow rates decreased significantly at the upstream face and increased downstream, accompanied by an increase in water mass flux at the upstream face and a decrease at the downstream toe, suggesting dynamic changes in water behavior in response to drawdown. Moreover, the findings unveiled significant correlations between matric suction and time (correlation coefficient of 0.950) and factor of safety and water conductivity (correlation coefficient of 0.750). Conversely, a distinct negative correlation emerged between matric suction and factor of safety (correlation coefficient of −0.864). The study’s distinctive insights contribute to our understanding of seepage behavior and dam stability across varied scenarios, offering valuable input for resilient dam construction approaches that will ensure the longevity and effectiveness of these essential structures.

Funder

The Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Computer Science Applications,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology,General Materials Science,Building and Construction,Civil and Structural Engineering

Reference38 articles.

1. A Numerical Modeling Study on the Seepage under Embankment Dams;Kheiri;Model. Earth Syst. Environ.,2020

2. High Embankment Dam Stability Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks;Markovic;Teh. Vjesn. Tech. Gaz.,2022

3. The Influence of Shell Permeability on Stability of Upstream Slope during Rapid Drawdown–Khassa Chai Earth Dam as a Case Study;Noori;Iraqi Natl. J. Earth Sci.,2021

4. The Effect of Side Slope and Clay Core Shape on the Stability of Embankment Dam: Southern Ethiopia;Shole;Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.,2019

5. Toe Drain Size and Slope Stability of Homogeneous Embankment Dam under Rapid Drawdown;Mkilima;Technobius,2021

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