Porous Nano-Fiber Structure of Modified Electrospun Chitosan GBR Membranes Improve Osteoblast Calcium Phosphate Deposition in Osteoblast-Fibroblast Co-Cultures

Author:

Su Hengjie12ORCID,Fujiwara Tomoko3ORCID,Skalli Omar4ORCID,Selders Gretchen Schreyack2,Li Ting1ORCID,Mao Linna1,Bumgardner Joel D.2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China

2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis Joint Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA

3. Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA

4. Integrated Microscopy Center, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA

Abstract

Desirable characteristics of electrospun chitosan membranes (ESCM) for guided bone regeneration are their nanofiber structure that mimics the extracellular fiber matrix and porosity for the exchange of signals between bone and soft tissue compartments. However, ESCM are susceptible to swelling and loss of nanofiber and porous structure in physiological environments. A novel post-electrospinning method using di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (tBOC) prevents swelling and loss of nanofibrous structure better than sodium carbonate treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that retention of nanofiber morphology and high porosity of tBOC-modified ESCM (tBOC-ESCM) would support more bone mineralization in osteoblast-fibroblast co-cultures compared to Na2CO3 treated membranes (Na2CO3-ESCM) and solution-cast chitosan solid films (CM-film). The results showed that only the tBOC-ESCM retained the nanofibrous structure and had approximately 14 times more pore volume than Na2CO3-ESCM and thousands of times more pore volume than CM-films, respectively. In co-cultures, the tBOC-ESCM resulted in a significantly greater calcium-phosphate deposition by osteoblasts than either the Na2CO3-ESCM or CM-film (p < 0.05). This work supports the study hypothesis that tBOC-ESCM with nanofiber structure and high porosity promotes the exchange of signals between osteoblasts and fibroblasts, leading to improved mineralization in vitro and thus potentially improved bone healing and regeneration in guided bone regeneration applications

Funder

Chinese Academy of Medical Science health innovation project

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Publisher

MDPI AG

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