The Finishing Space Value for Shooting Decision-Making in High-Performance Football

Abstract

Football players’ decision-making behaviours near the scoring target (finishing situations) emerge from the evolving spatiotemporal information directly perceived in the game’s landscape. In finishing situations, the ball carrier’s decision-making about shooting or passing is not an individual decision-making process, but a collective decision that is guided by players’ perceptions of match affordances. To sustain this idea, we collected spatiotemporal information and built a model to quantify the “Finishing Space Value” (FSV) that results from players’ perceived affordances about two main questions: (a) is the opponent’s target successfully reachable from a given pitch location?; and (b) from each given pitch location, the opposition context will allow enough space to shoot (low adversaries’ interference)? The FSV was calculated with positional data from high-performance football matches, combining information extracted from Voronoi diagrams (VD) with distances and angles to the goal line. FSV was tested using as a reference the opinion of a “panel of expert” (PE), composed by football coaches, about a questionnaire presenting 50 finishing situations. Results showed a strong association between the subjective perception scale used by the PE to assess how probable a shot made by the ball carrier could result in a goal and FSV calculated for that same situation (R2=0.6706). Moreover, we demonstrate the accuracy of the FSV quantification model in predicting coaches’ opinions about what should be the “best option” to finish the play. Overall, results indicated that the FSV is a promising model to capture the affordances of the shooting circumstances for the ball carrier’s decision-making in high-performance football. FSV might be useful for more precise match analysis and informing coaches in the design of representative practice tasks.