Assessment of the Circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 Levels and P53 Expression as a Predictor of Relapse in Pediatric Patients with Wilms Tumor and Hypernephroma

Author:

Sahyon Heba A.1ORCID,Alharbi Nadaa S.23,Asad Zummar2,El Shishtawy Mohamed A.4,Derbala Safaa A.5

Affiliation:

1. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt

2. Department of Medicine & Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland

3. Ministry of Health, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia

4. Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt

5. Urology, and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common form of pediatric renal tumor, accounting for over 90% of cases followed by hypernephroma. Some pediatric patients with WT (10%) experience relapse or metastasis and have poor survival rates. PD-L1 assists cancer cells in escaping damage from the immune system. P53 mutations are found in relapsed WT tumor samples. We hypothesized that testing circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 and P53 expression levels could offer a simple method to predict patient relapse and explore novel treatments for pediatric WTs and hypernephroma. Methods: Flow cytometric detection of cPD-1, cPD-L1, and P53 expression in relapsed and in-remission WT and hypernephroma before and after one year of chemotherapy was performed. Results: Our data shows increased levels of cPD-L1 in relapsed pediatric patients with WT or hypernephroma before and after chemotherapy. There were also slight and significant increases in cPD-1 levels in relapsed groups before chemotherapy. Additionally, we observed significant decreases in P53 expression after one year of chemotherapy in relapsed pediatric patients. Conclusions: Our study found that circulating PD-L1 can be used as a predictor marker for WT and hypernephroma relapse. In conclusion, these circulating markers can assist in monitoring relapse in WT and hypernephroma patients without the need for several biopsies.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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