Preterm-Born Young Women Have Weaker Hand Grip Strength Compared to Their Full-Term-Born Peers

Author:

Bruun Ella123ORCID,Pätsi Pauli123,Leskinen Markku123,Björkman Krista123,Kulmala Petri1234ORCID,Tulppo Mikko P.45,Valkama Marita123,Ojaniemi Marja123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, 90220 Oulu, Finland

2. Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland

3. Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, 90014 Oulu, Finland

4. Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland

5. Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland

Abstract

Prematurity has been linked to lower muscular fitness and increased morbidity across the human lifespan. Hand grip strength is widely used as a measure of muscle strength. Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the role of vitamin D in hand grip strength. Here, we investigated hand grip strength and the effects of a yearlong vitamin D supplementation in healthy preterm-born young adults. We recruited 38 young adults born preterm at either ≤32 weeks’ gestation or <34 weeks’ gestation and weighing <1500 g, as well as 39 gender- and age-matched controls, for this study. Anthropometric measurements, hand grip strengths, and vitamin D concentrations were recorded. These investigations were repeated after a yearlong vitamin D supplementation intervention. There was a significant difference in the age- and gender-specific hand grip strength ranks between the preterm- and full-term-born young adults: 57.9% and 30.7%, respectively, were below average (p = 0.009). In the preterm-born group, the females had significantly lower hand grip strengths compared to their full-term-born peers, with a mean difference of −3.46 kg (95% CI: −6.68 to −0.247; p = 0.035). In a linear regression analysis, the preterm-born female adult height was negatively associated with hand grip strength (R2 = 0.24, F (1.43) = 13.61, p < 0.001). The vitamin D concentrations were increased after the supplementation period, with no association with hand grip strength. According to our results, preterm-born young females are at risk for lower muscle strength, independent of their current vitamin D status.

Funder

University of Oulu

Oulu University Hospital

Alma and K.A. Snellman Foundation

Finnish Cultural Foundation

Pediatric Research Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

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