Abstract
Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis in children. There is a high probability of recovery if treated promptly. We aimed to analyze the clinical features and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Method: We conducted a retrospective study with definite diagnoses of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in 11 children treated in a tertiary referral center between March 2012 and March 2022. Clinical features, ancillary tests, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed. Results: The median age at disease onset was 7.9 years. There were eight females (72.7%) and three males (27.3%). Three (27.3%) patients initially presented with focal and/or generalized seizures and eight (72.7%) with behavioral change. Seven patients (63.6%) revealed normal brain MRI scans. Seven (63.6%) had abnormal EEG results. Ten patients (90.1%) received intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroid, and/or plasmapheresis. After a median follow-up duration of 3.5 years, one patient was lost to follow-up at the acute stage, nine (90%) had an mRS ≤ 2, and only one had an mRS of 3. Conclusions: With the early recognition of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis based on its clinical features and ancillary tests, we were able to treat patients promptly with first-line treatment and achieve favorable neurological outcomes.
Subject
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Reference35 articles.
1. Jewett, B.E., and Thapa, B. (2022). Physiology, NMDA Receptor, StatPearls.
2. Cellular and synaptic mechanisms of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis;Hughes;J. Neurosci.,2010
3. Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: Case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies;Dalmau;Lancet Neurol.,2008
4. Agarwal, R., and Gupta, V. (2022). Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in Children, StatPearls.
5. Herpes simplex virus-induced anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A systematic literature review with analysis of 43 cases;Nosadini;Dev. Med. Child Neurol.,2017
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献