Dynamic Gait Analysis in Paediatric Flatfeet: Unveiling Biomechanical Insights for Diagnosis and Treatment

Author:

Böhm Harald12ORCID,Stebbins Julie3,Kothari Alpesh3,Dussa Chakravarthy Ughandar4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Orthopaedic Hospital for Children, Treatment Center Aschau im Chiemgau, 83229 Aschau im Chiemgau, Germany

2. Faculty of Engineering and Health Göttingen, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 37077 Göttingen, Germany

3. Oxford University Hospitals NHSFT, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK

4. Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany

Abstract

Background: Flatfeet in children are common, causing concern for parents due to potential symptoms. Technological advances, like 3D foot kinematic analysis, have revolutionized assessment. This review examined 3D assessments in paediatric idiopathic flexible flat feet (FFF). Methods: Searches focused on paediatric idiopathic FFF in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria required 3D kinematic and/or kinetic analysis during posture or locomotion, excluding non-idiopathic cases, adult feet, and studies solely on pedobarography or radiographs. Results: Twenty-four studies met the criteria. Kinematic and kinetic differences between FFF and typical feet during gait were outlined, with frontal plane deviations like hindfoot eversion and forefoot supination, alongside decreased second peak vertical GRF. Dynamic foot classification surpassed static assessments, revealing varied movement patterns within FFF. Associations between gait characteristics and clinical measures like pain symptoms and quality of life were explored. Interventions varied, with orthoses reducing ankle eversion and knee and hip abductor moments during gait, while arthroereisis normalized calcaneal alignment and hindfoot eversion. Conclusions: This review synthesises research on 3D kinematics and kinetics in paediatric idiopathic FFF, offering insights for intervention strategies and further research.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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