Exploring the Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pediatric Diabetes: Current Practices, Innovative Metrics, and Future Implications

Author:

Chobot Agata12ORCID,Piona Claudia3,Bombaci Bruno4ORCID,Kamińska-Jackowiak Olga12,Mancioppi Valentina3,Passanisi Stefano4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland

2. Department of Pediatrics, University Clinical Hospital in Opole, 46-020 Opole, Poland

3. Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University City Hospital, 37126 Verona, Italy

4. Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy

Abstract

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, including real-time CGM and intermittently scanned CGM, have revolutionized diabetes management, particularly in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). These systems provide detailed insights into glucose variability and detect asymptomatic and nocturnal hypoglycemia, addressing limitations of traditional self-monitoring blood glucose methods. CGM devices measure interstitial glucose concentrations constantly, enabling proactive therapeutic decisions and optimization of glycemic control through stored data analysis. CGM metrics such as time in range, time below range, and coefficient of variation are crucial for managing T1D, with emerging metrics like time in tight range and glycemia risk index showing potential for enhanced glycemic assessment. Recent advancements suggest the utility of CGM systems in monitoring the early stages of T1D and individuals with obesity complicated by pre-diabetes, highlighting its therapeutic versatility. This review discusses the current CGM systems for T1D during the pediatric age, established and emerging metrics, and future applications, emphasizing the critical role of CGM devices in improving glycemic control and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with diabetes.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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