Assessment of Sensory Processing Issues in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Experiences of Maltreatment

Author:

Ide-Okochi Ayako1ORCID,He Mu2ORCID,Tokieda Tomofumi3,Nakamura Satsuki1,Matsunaga Nobutomo4

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan

2. Graduate School of Health Sciences Education, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan

3. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan

4. Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan

Abstract

This study aims to identify the sensory characteristics of children with both developmental disabilities such as ASD and ADHD and a history of child maltreatment (DM group), children with developmental disabilities (DD group), and typically developed children (TD group). The sensory characteristics of 24 children were assessed through virtual reality and self-administered questionnaires. The results elucidated that the duration of gazing at the “teacher” (60–75 s) was significantly different with the DM group’s gaze being shorter than the DD group’s gaze (p = 0.042). The duration of the “others” gaze (45–60 s) was also significantly different with the DM group’s gaze being longer than the DD and TD groups’ gaze (p = 0.018; p = 0.030). Additionally, the scores for tactile sensitivity, taste/smell sensitivity, under-responsive/seeks sensation, and the total short-term sensory profile were significantly different between the DM-DD and DD-TD groups. The scores of the heart rate perception test and Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness were significantly lower in the DM and DD groups. In conclusion, children who have experienced trauma and developmental disabilities may have different sensory characteristics than children with only developmental disabilities or none, implying the need for further research and tailored care.

Funder

JSPS KAKENHI

Publisher

MDPI AG

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3. Ministry of Education, Culture Sports, Science and Technology (2024, January 24). Results of a Survey on Students with Special Educational Needs in 2012. Available online: https://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/tokubetu/hattatu.htm.

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