A Commentary on Electrographic Seizure Management and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Children

Abstract

Continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring is the gold standard for detecting electrographic seizures in critically ill children and the current consensus-based guidelines recommend urgent cEEG to detect electrographic seizures that would otherwise be undetected. The detection of seizures usually leads to the use of antiseizure medications, even though current evidence that treatment leads to important improvements in outcomes is limited, raising the question of whether the current strategies need re-evaluation. There is emerging evidence indicating that the presence of electrographic seizures is not associated with unfavorable neurological outcome, and thus treatment is unlikely to alter the outcomes in these children. However, a high seizure burden and electrographic status epilepticus is associated with unfavorable outcome and the treatment of status epilepticus is currently warranted. Ultimately, outcomes are more likely a function of etiology than of a direct effect of the seizures themselves. We suggest re-examining our current consensus toward aggressive treatment to abolish all electrographic seizures and recommend a tailored approach where therapeutic interventions are indicated when seizure burden breaches above a critical threshold that may be associated with adverse outcomes. Future studies should explicitly evaluate whether there is a positive impact of treating electrographic seizures or electrographic status epilepticus in order to justify continuing current approaches.