Nutritional Supplementation of Yogurt with Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers: Organic Acid Profiles and Quality Parameters

Abstract

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), also called wild sunflower, belongs to the Asteraceae family and is cultivated widely across the temperate zone for its nutritious tuber, which is used as a root vegetable. In this study, the Jerusalem artichoke (JA) was used as a supplementary additive for producing a functional yogurt, with enhanced health benefits and improving the microbiological, rheological, and sensorial quality characteristics of the product. The effects of the three different concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%, w/w) of JA on the physicochemical properties, bacterial counts, sensorial properties, and organic acid profiles of yogurts were determined after 1, 7, 14, and 21 days of storage at ±4 °C. The results obtained revealed that with the addition of different concentrations of JA the overall parameters were statistically significant (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) except for apparent viscosity, Streptococcus thermophilus, yeast and mold count, pyruvic ratios, and scores of flavor. Similarly, some parameters (fat ratio, yeast and mold count, concentrations of propionic, acetic, pyruvic, orotic, and lactic acids, and scores of appearance, consistency, and odor) changed depending on the storage time, while some did not show any changes regarding storage time. There was a relationship found between the concentration of JA and organic acid ratio (except for pyruvic acid) concentration in the yogurt samples. In conclusion, the research revealed the effect of JA in yogurt production as a thickener, flavor enhancer, prebiotic agent, and source of organic acids and bioactive compounds. The results indicate that JA has a good potential for enhancing the nutritional and physicochemical properties of the studied yogurt.