Plant Growth Promotion and Heat Stress Amelioration in Arabidopsis Inoculated with Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN Rhizobacteria Quantified with the GrowScreen-Agar II Phenotyping Platform

Author:

Macabuhay Allene,Arsova BorjanaORCID,Watt MichelleORCID,Nagel Kerstin A.ORCID,Lenz HenningORCID,Putz Alexander,Adels Sascha,Müller-Linow MarkORCID,Kelm JanaORCID,Johnson Alexander A. T.ORCID,Walker Robert,Schaaf GabrielORCID,Roessner UteORCID

Abstract

High temperatures inhibit plant growth. A proposed strategy for improving plant productivity under elevated temperatures is the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). While the effects of PGPR on plant shoots have been extensively explored, roots—particularly their spatial and temporal dynamics—have been hard to study, due to their below-ground nature. Here, we characterized the time- and tissue-specific morphological changes in bacterized plants using a novel non-invasive high-resolution plant phenotyping and imaging platform—GrowScreen-Agar II. The platform uses custom-made agar plates, which allow air exchange to occur with the agar medium and enable the shoot to grow outside the compartment. The platform provides light protection to the roots, the exposure of it to the shoots, and the non-invasive phenotyping of both organs. Arabidopsis thaliana, co-cultivated with Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN at elevated and ambient temperatures, showed increased lengths, growth rates, and numbers of roots. However, the magnitude and direction of the growth promotion varied depending on root type, timing, and temperature. The root length and distribution per depth and according to time was also influenced by bacterization and the temperature. The shoot biomass increased at the later stages under ambient temperature in the bacterized plants. The study offers insights into the timing of the tissue-specific, PsJN-induced morphological changes and should facilitate future molecular and biochemical studies on plant–microbe–environment interactions.

Funder

University of Melbourne Research Scholarship

University of Melbourne Botany Foundation

the Helmholtz Association

the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research

the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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