Assessing Mechanical Properties and Response of Expansive Soft Rock in Tunnel Excavation: A Numerical Simulation Study

Author:

Ma Hao1,Chen Youliang1,Chang Lixin2,Du Xi1,Fernandez-Steeger Tomas Manuel3,Wu Dongpeng1,Azzam Rafig4,Li Yi1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Civil Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

2. Institute of Architectural Engineering, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai 201514, China

3. Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany

4. Department of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany

Abstract

This study investigates the dynamics of moisture absorption and swelling in soft rock during tunnel excavation, emphasizing the response to support resistance. Utilizing COMSOL numerical simulations, we conduct a comparative analysis of various strength criteria and non-associated flow rules. The results demonstrate that the Mohr–Coulomb criterion combined with the Drucker–Prager model under compressive loads imposes stricter limitations on water absorption and expansion than when paired with the Drucker–Prager model under tensile loads. Restricted rock expansion leads to decreased horizontal displacement and ground uplift, increased displacement in the tunnel’s bottom arch, and significantly reduced displacement in the top arch. The study also considers the effects of shear dilation, burial depth, and support resistance on the stress and displacement of the surrounding rock. Increased shear dilation angles correlate with greater rock expansion, resulting in increased horizontal displacement and ground uplift. The research study concludes that support resistance is critical in limiting the movement of the tunnel’s bottom arch and impacting the stability of the surrounding rock. Additionally, the extent of rock damage during the excavation of expansive soft rock tunnels is found to be minimal. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the processes of soft rock tunnel excavation and contributes to the development of more efficient support systems.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

National key research and development program

Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai of China

Publisher

MDPI AG

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