A Systematic Literature Review on Depopulation Methods for Swine

Author:

Arruda Andréia G.ORCID,Beyene Tariku J.,Kieffer Justin,Lorbach Joshua N.,Moeller Steven,Bowman Andrew S.ORCID

Abstract

Swine mass depopulation refers to the destruction of large numbers of pigs and may include not only animals affected with a disease but also healthy pigs in a facility or surrounding areas. Emerging applications of mass depopulation include reducing welfare issues associated with slaughter delays, which was observed in the United States in 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The objectives of this review were to summarize the available literature on swine depopulation methods and to highlight critical gaps in knowledge. Peer-reviewed articles were identified through a systematic search in electronic databases including Web of Science, MEDLINE, and PubMed. A total of 68 publications were assessed. Gaseous carbon dioxide inhalation was the most commonly reported depopulation method for both small- and large-scale trials. Measurements of consciousness state, which serves to assess suffering and humaneness, appeared to be lacking in a high proportion of the studies. None of the published studies demonstrated an ideally reliable and safe way to induce rapid unconsciousness in large groups of pigs. Development of rapid mass depopulation methods applicable to large groups of pigs is necessary to provide industry partners with suitable and low-cost emergency preparedness procedures while adhering to personnel safety and animal welfare standards. Lastly, there is an urgent need to standardize comprehensive reporting guidelines for depopulation studies.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology

Reference74 articles.

1. American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Guidelines for the Depopulation of Animals: 2019 Editionhttps://www.avma.org/sites/default/files/resources/AVMA-Guidelines-for-the-Depopulation-of-Animals.pdf

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3. An investigation into human pandemic influenza virus (H1N1) 2009 on an Alberta swine farm;Howden;Can. Vet. J.,2009

4. Epidemiological and economic modelling of classical swine fever: application to the 1997/1998 Dutch epidemic

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