Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Development Path of Industry–University–Research Cooperation and Economic Vulnerability: Evidence from China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt

Abstract

This study explores the impact of industry–university–research (IUR) cooperation on the economic system. The study constructs a vulnerability evaluation index comprising 42 indicators in five dimensions. The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) panel data from 2006–2018 are used to assess economic vulnerability in China. The research results show that, firstly, from 2006–2018, the index values indicated a good development trend, with fluctuations in the values of the sensitivity and economic vulnerability indices. The response ability index values gradually increased, especially later in this period. This showed a promising trend of low sensitivity, high response ability, and low vulnerability. Secondly, the spatial distribution pattern demonstrated certain laws and continuity, but the development process was unstable, while the eastern < the central < the western showed a “ladder” evolution pattern, “extremely poor” characteristics, and an “agglomeration” evolutionary path. Thirdly, the impact of IUR cooperation on regional economic development can be divided into three phases: knowledge interaction, creation, and application. The interaction and synergy between universities, research institutions, and enterprises play a role in regional economic development. The study recommends strengthening the coupling coordination of the production, research and development (R&D), cooperation, and innovation, with the dual functions of government guidance and market decision making.