Abstract
Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) samples, which were obtained by blending two different types of ammonium nitrate porous prills (i.e., AN-PP7 and AN-PP8) with fuel oil (FO) were studied. Measurements of structure, crystallinity and morphology were performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. From the SEM analysis, it was indicated that a “wrinkled” structure characterized the crystal surface of the samples, which were based on two types of ammonium nitrate porous prill. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) confirmed that AN-PP7 had a higher absorption index in comparison to AN-PP8. Furthermore, it was shown that continuous AN phase transformations at precise temperatures took place. From the blasting test, it was indicated that the absorption index only had an influence on the content of toxic fumes. However, the velocity of detonation (VOD) depended solely on the ANFO density as well as the total volume of post-blast fumes.
Subject
Energy (miscellaneous),Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Control and Optimization,Engineering (miscellaneous)
Reference40 articles.
1. Modification of ammonium nitrate granules physical structure for ANFO production;Buczkowski;Przem. Chem.,2008
2. The characterization of ammonium nitrate mini-prills;Lotspeich,2015
3. Materiały Wybuchowe Emulsyjne;Maranda,2015
4. Rules of Safe Storage of the Ammonium Nitrate Ferlitizers;Borowik;Przem. Chem.,2013
5. Comparison of structure, morphology, and topography of fertilizer-based explosives applied in the mining industry
Cited by
12 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献