How We Treat Drug-Susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Practical Guide for Clinicians

Author:

Riccardi Niccolò12,Occhineri Sara12ORCID,Vanino Elisa13ORCID,Antonello Roberta Maria1ORCID,Pontarelli Agostina14,Saluzzo Francesca15,Masini Tiziana1,Besozzi Giorgio1ORCID,Tadolini Marina167,Codecasa Luigi18ORCID,

Affiliation:

1. StopTB Italia ODV, 20159 Milan, Italy

2. Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56124 Pisa, Italy

3. Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 48100 Ravenna, Italy

4. Unit of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Cotugno Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy

5. Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute, San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy

6. Infectious Disease Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy

7. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy

8. Regional TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20159 Milan, Italy

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and pulmonary TB (PTB) is the main variant responsible for fueling transmission of the infection. Effective treatment of drug-susceptible (DS) TB is crucial to avoid the emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-resistant strains. In this narrative review, through a fictional suggestive case of DS PTB, we guide the reader in a step-by-step commentary to provide an updated review of current evidence in the management of TB, from diagnosis to post-treatment follow-up. World Health Organization and Centre for Diseases Control (CDC) guidelines for TB, as well as the updated literature, were used to support this manuscript.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics,Biochemistry,Microbiology

Reference122 articles.

1. WHO (2021). WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis. Module 2: Screening—Systematic Screening for Tuberculosis Disease, WHO. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

2. WHO (2023). Global Tuberculosis Report 2023, World Health Organization. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

3. The evolution of a neglected disease: Tuberculosis discoveries in the centuries;Riccardi;J. Prev. Med. Hyg.,2020

4. The social determinants of health: Key to global tuberculosis control;Rasanathan;Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis.,2011

5. Holmes, K.K., Bertozzi, S., Bloom, B.R., and Jha, P. (2017). Tuberculosis. Major Infectious Diseases, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. [3rd ed.].

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