Anovaginal Colonization by Group B Streptococcus and Streptococcus anginosus among Pregnant Women in Brazil and Its Association with Clinical Features

Author:

Costa Natalia Silva1ORCID,Oliveira Laura Maria Andrade1,Rio-Tinto Andre1ORCID,Pinto Isabella Bittencourt Ferreira1,Oliveira Ana Elisa Almeida Santos1,Santana Julia de Deus1,Santos Laiane Ferreira1,Costa Rayssa Santos Nogueira1,Marinho Penelope Saldanha2,Fracalanzza Sergio Eduardo Longo1,Teixeira Lucia Martins1,Pinto Tatiana Castro Abreu1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil

2. Faculdade de Medicina, Maternidade Escola, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22240-000, Brazil

Abstract

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus; GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal invasive disease worldwide. GBS can colonize the human gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, and the anovaginal colonization of pregnant women is the main source for neonatal infection. Streptococcus anginosus, in turn, can colonize the human upper respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts but has rarely been observed causing disease. However, in the last years, S. anginosus has been increasingly associated with human infections, mainly in the bloodstream and gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Although anovaginal screening for GBS is common during pregnancy, data regarding the anovaginal colonization of pregnant women by S. anginosus are still scarce. Here, we show that during the assessment of anovaginal GBS colonization rates among pregnant women living in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, S. anginosus was also commonly detected, and S. anginosus isolates presented a similar colony morphology and color pattern to GBS in chromogenic media. GBS was detected in 48 (12%) while S. anginosus was detected in 17 (4.3%) of the 399 anovaginal samples analyzed. The use of antibiotics during pregnancy and history of urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted infections were associated with the presence of S. anginosus. In turn, previous preterm birth was associated with the presence of GBS (p < 0.05). The correlation of GBS and S. anginosus with relevant clinical features of pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlights the need for the further investigation of these important bacteria in relation to this special population.

Funder

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference36 articles.

1. World Health Organization (2022, April 22). Group B Streptococcus Vaccine: Full Value Vaccine Assessment. Available online: https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240037526.

2. Estimates of the Burden of Group B Streptococcal Disease Worldwide for Pregnant Women, Stillbirths, and Children;Seale;Clin. Infect. Dis.,2017

3. Streptococcus Agalactiae Colonization and Screening Approach in High-Risk Pregnant Women in Southern Brazil;Feltraco;J. Infect. Dev. Ctries.,2020

4. The Urgent Need to Recognize and Properly Address Prenatal-Onset Group B Streptococcus Disease;Costa;Int. J. Infect. Dis.,2022

5. Molecular Pathogenicity of Streptococcus anginosus;Asam;Mol. Oral Microbiol.,2014

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