A Study of Metabolites from Basidiomycota and Their Activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Author:

Clericuzio Marco1ORCID,Novello Giorgia1,Bivona Mattia1,Gamalero Elisa1ORCID,Bona Elisa23ORCID,Caramaschi Alice2,Massa Nadia1ORCID,Asteggiano Alberto4ORCID,Medana Claudio4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy

2. Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy

3. Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Laboratori di Ricerca—Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy

4. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes research aimed at developing new drugs from natural compounds. Fungi are important producers of bioactive molecules, and they are often effective against other fungi and/or bacteria and are thus a potential source of new antibiotics. Basidiomycota crude extracts, which have previously been proven to be active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, were subjected to liquid chromatographic separation by RP-18, leading to six macro-fractions for each fungal extract. The various fractions were tested for their bioactivities against P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, and ten of them were characterized by HPLC-HRMS and NMR. Further chromatographic separations were performed for a few selected macro-fractions, yielding seven pure compounds. Bioactivity was mainly found in the lipophilic fractions containing fatty acids and their derivatives, such as hydroxy or keto C-18 unsaturated acids, and in various complex lipids, such as glycolipids and related compounds. More hydrophilic molecules, such as GABA, phenethylamine, two chromogenic anthraquinoids and pistillarin, were also isolated, and their antibacterial activities were recorded. The novelties of this research are as follows: (i) the genera Cortinarius and Mycena have never been investigated before for the synthesis of antibiotic compounds; (ii) the molecules produced by these genera are known, but their production has never been reported in the investigated fungi; (iii) the determination of bacterial siderophore synthesis inhibition by certain compounds from Cortinarius and Mycena.

Funder

Università del Piemonte Orientale—FAR17 Project

Publisher

MDPI AG

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