Incidence and Predictors of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Patients Admitted to a Temporary Intensive Care Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic Waves: A Two-Year (2021–2023) Retrospective Cohort Study in Rome, Italy-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Incidence and Predictors of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Patients Admitted to a Temporary Intensive Care Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic Waves: A Two-Year (2021–2023) Retrospective Cohort Study in Rome, Italy

Published:2024-09-04 Issue:9 Volume:13 Page:842
ISSN:2079-6382
Container-title:Antibiotics
language:en
Short-container-title:Antibiotics

Author:

Sciurti Antonio¹^ORCID,Baccolini Valentina¹^ORCID,Ceparano Mariateresa¹,Isonne Claudia¹^ORCID,Migliara Giuseppe²,Iera Jessica¹³,Alessandri Francesco⁴^ORCID,Ceccarelli Giancarlo¹^ORCID,Marzuillo Carolina¹^ORCID,Tellan Guglielmo⁴^ORCID,De Giusti Maria¹,Pugliese Francesco⁴⁵^ORCID,Villari Paolo¹,

Affiliation:

1. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy

2. Department of Life Sciences, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy

3. Management and Health Laboratory, Institute of Management, Department EMbeDS, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy

4. Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Umberto I Teaching Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy

5. Department of General and Specialist Surgery “P. Stefanini”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy

Abstract

To manage the number of critical COVID-19 patients, Umberto I Teaching Hospital in Rome established a temporary ICU on March 1, 2021. This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) among these patients during various COVID-19 waves. Patients were grouped by admission date according to the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant prevalent at the time (Alpha, Delta, Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.2, Omicron BA.5, and Omicron XBB). First-HAI and mortality rates were calculated per 1000 patient-days. Predictors of first-HAI occurrence were investigated using a multivariable Fine–Gray regression model considering death as a competing event. Among 355 admitted patients, 27.3% experienced at least one HAI, and 49.6% died. Patient characteristics varied over time, with older and more complex cases in the later phases, while HAI and mortality rates were higher in the first year. Pathogens responsible for HAIs varied over time, with first Acinetobacter baumannii and then Klebsiella pneumoniae being progressively predominant. Multivariable analysis confirmed that, compared to Alpha, admission during the Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and XBB periods was associated with lower hazards of HAI. Despite worsening COVID-19 patient conditions, late-phase HAI rates decreased, likely due to evolving pathogen characteristics, improved immunity, but also better clinical management, and adherence to infection prevention practices. Enhanced HAI prevention in emergency situations is crucial.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/9/842/pdf

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