A Qualitative Study on the Policy Process and Development of the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in Singapore

Author:

Chua Alvin Qijia1ORCID,Verma Monica1ORCID,Azupardo Karen2ORCID,Lota Maria Margarita2ORCID,Hsu Li Yang1ORCID,Legido-Quigley Helena13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore

2. College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 625 Pedro Gil St, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines

3. The George Institute for Global Health UK, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane White City, London W12 0BZ, UK

Abstract

The global public health threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been accelerated by many interrelated factors spanning across One Health—human health, animal health, and the environment. Singapore launched its own National Strategic Action Plan (NSAP) on AMR in November 2017 with the aim of tackling the growing threat of AMR in Singapore through coordinated approaches. However, little is known about the policy process and development of the NSAP in Singapore. In this study, we analysed these aspects using an AMR governance framework. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants across the One Health spectrum. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Areas that were well executed included (1) good coordination across various agencies, (2) a dedicated office to coordinate the work on the NSAP, and (3) a high level of governmental support. Areas that were lacking included (1) a lack of participation from certain sectors, (2) insufficient awareness around the AMR issue, (3) constraints in information sharing, and (4) a lack of ideal indicators to track the progress in addressing AMR. Improvements in these areas will provide a more holistic One Health engagement in support of the effective planning and implementation of the NSAP.

Funder

Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council

Asia Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics,Biochemistry,Microbiology

Reference51 articles.

1. O’Neill, J. (2022, November 17). Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations. Available online: https://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/160518_Final%20paper_with%20cover.pdf.

2. World Health Organization (2022, November 17). Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. Available online: http://www.wpro.who.int/entity/drug_resistance/resources/global_action_plan_eng.pdf.

3. United Nations (2022, November 17). Political Declaration of the High-Level Meeting of the General Assembly on Antimicrobial Resistance. Available online: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/842813?ln=en.

4. World Health Organization (2022, November 17). Antimicrobial Resistance Global Report on Surveillance. Available online: http://www.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112642/1/9789241564748_eng.pdf?ua=1.

5. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis;Murray;Lancet,2022

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