1. Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy
2. Vascular Surgery Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, 00100 Roma, Italy
3. Oncologic Surgery Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO–IRCCS, 10060 Torino, Italy
4. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
5. Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
6. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
7. General and Emergency Surgery Unit, “Bufalini” Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy
8. General Surgery Unit, Santissima Trinità Hospital, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
9. General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Trauma Center, New Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
10. Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
11. Department of Anesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital “Policlinico Paolo Giaccone”, 90134 Palermo, Italy
12. Emergency Surgery Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, 00135 Roma, Italy
13. Health and Social Services, Emilia-Romagna Region, 40127 Bologna, Italy
14. Department of Surgery, “San Salvatore” Hospital, 61122 Pesaro, Italy
15. Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
16. Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery, 62100 Macerata, Italy
17. General and Emergency Surgery Unit, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Roma, Italy
18. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
19. Unit of Infectious Diseases, ASST Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
20. Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
21. Department of Emergency, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
22. General Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Firenze, Italy
23. Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
24. Italian Multidisciplinary Society for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections, 20159 Milano, Italy