A Recombinant Chimeric Cedar Virus-Based Surrogate Neutralization Assay Platform for Pathogenic Henipaviruses

Abstract

The henipaviruses, Nipah virus (NiV), and Hendra virus (HeV) can cause fatal diseases in humans and animals, whereas Cedar virus is a nonpathogenic henipavirus. Here, using a recombinant Cedar virus (rCedV) reverse genetics platform, the fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoprotein genes of rCedV were replaced with those of NiV-Bangladesh (NiV-B) or HeV, generating replication-competent chimeric viruses (rCedV-NiV-B and rCedV-HeV), both with and without green fluorescent protein (GFP) or luciferase protein genes. The rCedV chimeras induced a Type I interferon response and utilized only ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3 as entry receptors compared to rCedV. The neutralizing potencies of well-characterized cross-reactive NiV/HeV F and G specific monoclonal antibodies against rCedV-NiV-B-GFP and rCedV-HeV-GFP highly correlated with measurements obtained using authentic NiV-B and HeV when tested in parallel by plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT). A rapid, high-throughput, and quantitative fluorescence reduction neutralization test (FRNT) using the GFP-encoding chimeras was established, and monoclonal antibody neutralization data derived by FRNT highly correlated with data derived by PRNT. The FRNT assay could also measure serum neutralization titers from henipavirus G glycoprotein immunized animals. These rCedV chimeras are an authentic henipavirus-based surrogate neutralization assay that is rapid, cost-effective, and can be utilized outside high containment.