Abstract
Rural households depend on forest resources for cash and subsistence needs. Thus, forests represent a valuable natural capital for the rural economy, particularly in developing countries. However, depending on various factors, there are dissimilarities in the rural livelihoods’ reliance on forests. Therefore, this study attempted to determine and characterize the level of forest dependence and identify the demographic and socioeconomic factors influencing the households’ dependence on forests in the Rubi-Tele Hunting Domain (RTHD)/Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). Demographic and socioeconomic data of forest dependents and other qualitative information were collected through structured household-level surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Descriptive statistical analysis, Kruskal–Wallis Test, χ2 test of independence, and binary logistic regression model were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that the forest dependence index varied from 0.01 to 1 (Mean = 0.46, SD = 0.30). The distribution of forest-dependent households by wealth status (income tercile) and level of forest dependence differs significantly. Logistic regression revealed that household size and non-forest income were significant determinants of forest dependence and had the theoretically expected signs. The household size was in a positive association with forest dependence. Large families tended to depend more on forest resources. On the other hand, the non-forest income was inversely related to forest dependence, implying that forest-dependent households with non-forest income sources were less dependent on forest resources extraction. Other selected variables were not statistically significant while showing positive and negative associations with the reliance on forests. Achieving the balance between forest dependence and conservation requires promoting incentive policies to diversify livelihood opportunities and environmental education.