Operational Variables on the Processing of Porous Titanium Bodies by Gelation of Slurries with an Expansive Porogen

Abstract

Colloidal processing techniques, based on the suspension of powders in a liquid, are very versatile techniques to fabricate porous structures. They can provide customized pores, shapes and surfaces through the control of operational parameters, being the base of the alternative additive manufacture processes. In this work disperse and stable titanium aqueous slurries has been formulated in order to process porous materials by the incorporation of methylcellulose (MC) as a gelation agent and ammonium bicarbonate as an expansive porogen. After casting the slurries and heating at mild temperatures (60–80 °C) the methylcellulose gels and traps the gas bubbles generated by the ammonium bicarbonate decomposition to finally obtain stiff porous green structures. Using an experimental design method, the influence of the temperature as well as the concentration of gelation agent and porogen on the viscosity, apparent density and pore size distribution is analyzed by a second-order polynomial function in order to identifying the influence of the operating variables in the green titanium porous compact. After sintering at 1100 °C under high vacuum, titanium sponges with 39% of open porosity and almost no close porosity were obtained.