Glycemia-Induced miRNA Changes: A Review

Author:

Al-Mahayni Sara1ORCID,Ali Mohamed1,Khan Muhammad1,Jamsheer Fatema1,Moin Abu Saleh Md2,Butler Alexandra E.2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain

2. Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain

Abstract

Diabetes is a rapidly increasing global health concern that significantly strains the health system due to its downstream complications. Dysregulation in glycemia represents one of the fundamental obstacles to achieving glycemic control in diabetic patients. Frequent hyperglycemia and/or hypoglycemia events contribute to pathologies that disrupt cellular and metabolic processes, which may contribute to the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications, worsening the disease burden and mortality. miRNAs are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate cellular protein expression and have been linked to various diseases, including diabetes mellitus. miRNAs have proven useful in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diabetes and its complications. There is a vast body of literature examining the role of miRNA biomarkers in diabetes, aiming for earlier diagnoses and improved treatment for diabetic patients. This article reviews the most recent literature discussing the role of specific miRNAs in glycemic control, platelet activity, and macrovascular and microvascular complications. Our review examines the different miRNAs involved in the pathological processes leading to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as endothelial dysfunction, pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications of miRNAs as next-generation biomarkers in diabetes with the aim of preventing, treating, and reversing diabetes.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

Reference85 articles.

Cited by 1 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. Non-Coding RNAs and Human Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives;International Journal of Molecular Sciences;2023-07-20

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