Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily 14 (LIGHT) Restricts Neovascularization by Decreasing Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Function

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 (TNFSF14) is also known as the LT-related inducible ligand (LIGHT). It can bind to the herpesvirus invasion mediator and lymphotoxin-β receptor to perform its biological activity. LIGHT has multiple physiological functions, including strengthening the synthesis of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and cytokines. LIGHT also stimulates angiogenesis in tumors and induces the synthesis of high endothelial venules; degrades the extracellular matrix in thoracic aortic dissection, and induces the expression of interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2, and cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells. While LIGHT induces tissue inflammation, its effects on angiogenesis after tissue ischemia are unclear. Thus, we analyzed these effects in the current study. In this study, the animal model of hind limb ischemia surgery in C57BL/6 mice was performed. Doppler ultrasound, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blotting were employed to analyze the situation of angiogenesis. In addition, human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were used for in vitro studies to analyze the possible mechanisms. The results in the animal study showed that LIGHT injection inhibited angiogenesis in ischemic limbs. For the in vitro studies, LIGHT inhibited the expression of integrins and E-selectin; decreased migration and tube formation capabilities, mitochondrial respiration, and succinate dehydrogenase activity; and promoted senescence in EPCs. Western blotting revealed that the impairment of EPC function by LIGHT may be due to its effects on the proper functioning of the intracellular Akt signaling pathway, endothelial nitrite oxide synthase (eNOS), and mitochondrial respiration. In conclusion, LIGHT inhibits angiogenesis after tissue ischemia. This may be related to the clamped EPC function.