Efficient Access of Phenyl-Spaced 5,5′-Bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium Metal Complexes and the Effect of Dynamic Ligand Exchange on Catalysis

Abstract

Herein, we present the synthesis, characterization, and light-driven hydrogen evolution activity of two dinuclear Ru-Pt complexes, Rup(ph)pPtX2 (X = Cl, I), comprising a new phenyl-spaced 5,5′-bis-phenanthroline p(ph)p bridging ligand. The two complexes only differ in the nature of the halide ligand at the catalytic center. Structural, photophysical, electrochemical, as well as photochemical characterization techniques revealed that the variations of single components of the intramolecular system provide a strong influence on the stability even in non-catalytic conditions. Interestingly, varying electron density at the catalytic center, mainly influenced by the coordinating halide at the catalytic center, as shown by 195Pt NMR spectroscopy, strongly influences the photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, intensive investigations on the potential catalytic mechanism showed that small structural variations (e.g., halide exchange) not only affect catalytic activity but can also switch the main catalytic mechanism from an initially molecular one to a fully heterogeneous, colloid-driven hydrogen evolution.