Molecular and Serological Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Dogs from Germany (2008–2020)

Author:

Schäfer Ingo1ORCID,Kohn Barbara2,Silaghi Cornelia3,Fischer Susanne3,Marsboom Cedric4,Hendrickx Guy4,Müller Elisabeth1

Affiliation:

1. LABOKLIN GmbH and Co. KG., 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany

2. Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany

3. Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 17493 Greifswald, Germany

4. Avia-GIS, 2980 Zoersel, Belgium

Abstract

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes granulocytic anaplasmosis in domestic animals, wildlife, and humans and is primarily transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes persulcatus complex. This retrospective study aims to determine the percentages of dogs that tested positive for A. phagocytophilum in Germany. It included the results of direct (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) and indirect (immunofluorescence antibody test [IFAT], antibody-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) detection methods performed in the laboratory LABOKLIN on canine samples provided by German veterinarians from 2008 to 2020. Out of a total of 27,368 dogs tested by PCR, 1332 (4.9%) tested positive, while 24,720 (27.4%) of the 90,376 dogs tested by IFAT/ELISA had positive serology. High rates of positive PCR results were observed in months with known peaks in vector activity, showing that the dynamics of A. phagocytophilum infections in dogs in Germany are consistent with vector activity. In dogs with a positive PCR result, peaks in serology could be observed four weeks after initial testing. Male and senior dogs had higher rates of positive serology. A possible impact of environmental factors such as changes in climate should be investigated further. Overall, the upward trend in positive test results over the years indicates that canine granulocytic anaplasmosis will continue to become increasingly important for veterinary medicine.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology

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