Affiliation:
1. College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
2. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay
3. Galapagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) & The University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno 200150, Ecuador
4. Agencia de Regulación y Control de la Bioseguridad y Cuarentena para Galápagos, Puerto Ayora 200350, Ecuador
Abstract
Globally to date, established international standards for animal welfare, a priority of sustainable agriculture, have primarily focused on large-scale producers. However, across Latin America, including in Ecuador’s Galápagos Islands, smallholder farms play a critical role in food safety and security. We assessed five basic animal welfare measures (feed and water access, shelter availability and housing systems, animal health management, animal behavior, and timely euthanasia) for poultry, pigs, and cattle on Floreana Island, Galápagos. Utilizing assessment standards from multiple US sources and international standards, we developed a questionnaire and used it to conduct in-depth interviews during 4–5 July 2022 with eight participating producers, representing 75% of animal agriculture on Floreana. While we identified opportunities to enhance competencies in animal health management and timely euthanasia, farms performed well in the other assessed measures. Future work should promote knowledge transfer and in-country capacity building in farm biosecurity, access to veterinary care, antimicrobial resistance surveillance, and euthanasia methods. Efforts to positively impact smallholder farm livelihoods in Galápagos—one of the most biodiverse and protected ecosystems on the planet—will sustainably support human health through the interconnected realms of animal health and welfare, wildlife and environmental health, and food safety and security.
Funder
North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine’s Global Health Research Seed
Subject
General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology
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