Kinetics and Mechanisms of Artificial Willemite Leaching in Low-Sulfuric-Acid Solution at Elevated Temperature

Author:

Xu Hongsheng,Qian Yanan,Zhou Quanfa,Wei Chang,Wang Qi,Zhao Wenjie,Zhu Binglong,Wu Juan,Ren Fang,Xu Jingxu

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of temperature, sulfuric acid concentration, agitation speed, and particle size on the high-temperature leaching kinetics of artificial willemite in low sulfuric acid solution. A mathematical model taking into account the change in acid concentration was evaluated for the leaching rate increased with increasing sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, and agitation speed and decreasing particle size. The kinetic analysis indicated that the leaching process was well interpreted by a modified grain model with product layer diffusion as the main rate-controlling step, and the shrinking core model was used to represent the reaction of each grain. The characteristic changes of the sample before and after leaching were studied using a scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to elucidate the leaching mechanism. The apparent activation energy was found to be 22.06 kJ/mol at 373–413 K, and the reaction order with sulfuric acid concentration was 1.6472. On the basis of the grain model, the following rate equation was established: 1.07ln(1−0.93x)−[1.28ln0.17+(1−x)23−0.42(1−x)130.17+(1−x)23+0.84(1−x)13+4.5arctan(2.76(1−x)13−0.58)]+3.8=43.55e−22060RTt.

Funder

the National Nature Science Foundation of China

the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province

the Applied Fundamental Research Project of Changzhou

the Postgraduate Practice and Innovation Program of Jiangsu University of Technology

the Teaching Reform and Research Project of Jiangsu University of Technology

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Materials Science,Metals and Alloys

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