Affiliation:
1. Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
2. Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
Abstract
Alarmins are immune-activating factors released after cellular injury or death. By secreting alarmins, cells can interact with immune cells and induce a variety of inflammatory responses. The broad family of alarmins involves several members, such as high-mobility group box 1, S100 proteins, interleukin-33, and heat shock proteins, among others. Studies have found that the concentrations and expression profiles of alarmins are altered in immune-mediated diseases. Furthermore, they are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions. The aim of this narrative review is to present the current evidence on the role of alarmins in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and psoriasis. We discuss their potential involvement in mechanisms underlying the progression of these diseases and whether they could become therapeutic targets. Moreover, we summarize the impact of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of these diseases on the expression of alarmins.
Reference269 articles.
1. Alarmins and immunity;Yang;Immunol. Rev.,2017
2. Alarmins: Chemotactic activators of immune responses;Oppenheim;Curr. Opin. Immunol.,2005
3. Neutrophil alpha-defensin human neutrophil peptide modulates cytokine production in human monocytes and adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells;Chaly;Eur. Cytokine Netw.,2000
4. High mobility group 1 protein (HMG-1) stimulates proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in human monocytes;Andersson;J. Exp. Med.,2000
5. Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation;Scaffidi;Nature,2002
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献