Climate Change and New Challenges for Rural Communities: Particulate Matter Matters

Author:

Miousse Isabelle Racine12ORCID,Hale Rachel B.1,Alsbrook Scott1ORCID,Boysen Gunnar1ORCID,Broadnax Tanya3,Murry Carleisha3,Williams Candace3,Park Chul Hyun4,Richards Robert4,Reedy Justin5,Chalbot Marie-Cécile6,Kavouras Ilias G.7ORCID,Koturbash Igor1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA

2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA

3. Rural Community Alliance, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA

4. Clinton School of Public Service, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72201, USA

5. Department of Communication, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA

6. Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, New York, NY 10018, USA

7. Department of Environmental, Occupational and Geospatial Health Sciences, City University of New York, New York, NY 10018, USA

Abstract

Climate change presents multiple challenges to rural communities. Here, we investigated the toxicological potential of the six types of particulate matter most common to rural Arkansas: soil, road, and agricultural dusts, pollen, traffic exhaust, and particles from biomass burning in human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs). Biomass burning and agricultural dust demonstrated the most potent toxicological responses, exhibited as significant (p < 0.05) up-regulation of HMOX1 (oxidative stress) and TNFα (inflammatory response) genes as well as epigenetic alterations (altered expression of DNA methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B, enzymatic activity, and DNA methylation of alpha satellite elements) that were evident at both 24 h and 72 h of exposure. We further demonstrate evidence of aridification in the state of Arkansas and the presence of winds capable of transporting agricultural dust- and biomass burning-associated particles far beyond their origination. Partnerships in the form of citizen science projects may provide important solutions to prevent and mitigate the negative effects of the rapidly evolving climate and improve the well-being of rural communities. Furthermore, the identification of the most toxic types of particulate matter could inform local policies related to agriculture, biomass burning, and dust control.

Funder

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and Consumer Product Safety Commission

National Institutes of Health UAMS Clinical and Translational Science Award

Arkansas Biosciences Institute.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development,Building and Construction

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