Highly Conductive and Reusable Cellulose Hydrogels for Supercapacitor Applications

Author:

Badawi Nujud Mohammed12ORCID,Batoo Khalid Mujasam3,Subramaniam Ramesh1,Kasi Ramesh1ORCID,Hussain Sajjad4ORCID,Imran Ahamad3,Muthuramamoorthy Muthumareeswaran3

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Ionics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, College of Science, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafer Al-Batin 39921, Saudi Arabia

3. King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

4. Graphene Research Institute and Institute of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea

Abstract

We report Na-Alginate-based hydrogels with high ionic conductivity and water content fabrication using poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT): poly (4-styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS) and a hydrogel matrix based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DMSO was incorporated within the PEDOT:PSS hydrogel. A hydrogel with higher conductivity was created through the in-situ synthesis of intra-Na-Alginate, which was then improved upon by H2SO4 treatment. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of the pure and synthetic hydrogel. Structural analysis was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which examines thermal properties, was also used. A specific capacitance of 312 F/g at 80 mV/s (energy density of 40.58 W/kg at a power density of 402.20 W/kg) at 100 DC mA/g was achieved by the symmetric Na-Alginate/PEDOT:PSS based flexible supercapacitor. The electrolyte achieved a higher ionic conductivity of 9.82 × 10−2 and 7.6 × 10−2 Scm−1 of Na-Alginate and a composite of Na-Alginate/PEDOT:PSS at 25 °C. Furthermore, the supercapacitor Na-Alginate/PEDOT:PSS//AC had excellent electrochemical stability by showing a capacity retention of 92.5% after 3000 continuous charge–discharge cycles at 10 mA current density. The Na- Alginate/PEDOT:PSS hydrogel displayed excellent flexibility and self-healing after re-contacting the two cut hydrogel samples of electrolyte for 90 min because of the dynamic cross-linking network efficiently dissipated energy. The illumination of a light-emitting diode (LED) verified the hydrogel’s capacity for self-healing.

Funder

Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Mechanical Engineering,Control and Systems Engineering

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