Electrical Conductivities of Narrow-Bandgap Polymers with Two Types of π-Conjugated Post-Crosslinking

Abstract

Bandgap energy is one of the most important properties for developing electronic devices because of its influence on the electrical conductivity of substances. Many methods have been developed to control bandgap, one of which is the realization of conducting polymers using narrow-bandgap polymers; however, the preparation of these polymers is complex. In this study, water-soluble, narrow-bandgap polymers with reactive groups were prepared by the addition–condensation reaction of pyrrole (Pyr), benzaldehyde-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (BS), and aldehyde-containing reactive groups (aldehyde and pyridine) for post-crosslinking. Two types of reactions, aldehyde with p-phenylenediamine and pyridine with 1,2-dibromoethylene, were carried out for the π-conjugated post-crosslinking between polymers. The polymers were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), UltraViolet-Visible-Near InfraRed spectroscopy (UV-Vis-NIR), and other analyses. The bandgaps of the polymers, calculated from their absorption, were less than 0.5 eV. Post-crosslinking prevents resolubility and develops electron-conducting routes between the polymer chains for π-conjugated systems. Moreover, the post-crosslinked polymers maintain their narrow bandgaps. The electrical conductivities of the as-prepared polymers were two orders of magnitude higher than those before the crosslinking.