Skillful Control of Dispersion and 3D Network Structures: Advances in Functional Organic–Inorganic Nano-Hybrid Materials Prepared Using the Sol-Gel Method

Abstract

Organic–inorganic hybrid materials have become indispensable high-performance and highly functional materials. This is owing to the improved dispersion control in hybrid materials and emergence of functional ionic liquids. Harmonization of both these factors has enabled the utilization of functional 3D network structures and nanodispersions in composite materials. Polymeric materials endow materials with flexibility, toughness, and shape-memory properties, whereas inorganic materials provide materials with unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties due to their nanosize. Organic–inorganic hybrid materials have evolved into novel materials that go beyond the composite rule. In this review, the historical development of hybrid materials prepared using the sol-gel method and the birth of ionic liquids have been summarized. In addition, the historical results leading to the development of functional 3D network structures and dispersion control have also been presented, as well as a review of the research on functional ionic liquids, which are of current interest. The authors also summarize the results of their research on functional ionic liquids. The design of new organic–inorganic hybrid materials has been discussed and the future prospects of new polymer composite materials provided.