Pedra Branca off Singapore: A Historical Cartographic Analysis of a Post-Colonial Territorially Disputed Island

Author:

Ong BrendaORCID,Perono Cacciafoco FrancescoORCID

Abstract

At the eastern entrance of the Singapore Strait lies Pedra Branca, an island of granite rock situated in hazardous waters. Its unexceptional presence belies a rich cartographical history and infamous reputation for leading ships to grief since antiquity. Pedra Branca was first pushed into the spotlight when the British constructed the Horsburgh Lighthouse in 1851. It later caught international attention when a heated territorial dispute for the island between Singapore and Malaysia arose, lasting from 1979–2018, with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) eventually granting rights to Singapore. The ensuing legal battle led to renewed interest in the geography and post-19th century history of the island. The most recent breakthrough, however, provides a glimpse into an even earlier history of Pedra Branca—and by extension, Singapore—as shipwrecked remains dating from the 14th century were uncovered in the surrounding waters. Historical research on the ancient history of Pedra Branca has been mostly neglected by scholars over the years; thus, this paper aims to shed some light on this enigmatic history of the island and at the same time establish its history and significance by utilizing pre-British-colonization historical cartographical data from as early as the 15th century.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Environmental Science

Reference66 articles.

1. Pedra Branca;Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore

2. Horsburgh Lighthouse;Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore

3. The Horsburgh Lighthouse;Hall-Jones,1995

4. Case Study on the Dispute over Pedra Branca;Lin,2004

5. Jappalang, Pedra Branca Map. 2008, A Map Showing the Approximate Location of the Island of Pedra Branca, Which Is under the Sovereignty of Singapore, at the Eastern End of the Singapore Strait Where It Meets the South China Sea. Near It Are the Maritime Features Middle Rocks (under Malaysian Sovereignty) and South Ledge, and the Coasts of Johor, Malaysia, and Bintan, Indonesia https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pedra_Branca_Map.svg

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